NRNP 6675 Week 6 Midterm Study Guide
(NRNP 6675 Week 6 Midterm Study Guide, NRNP 6675 Week 6 Midterm Study Guide)
SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS
Substance use disorders are a cluster of disorders in which cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicate that a person continues using a substance despite significant substance-related problems
Psychiatric symptom clusters may be related to substance use, discontinuation of substance use, or withdrawal from habitual substance use.
Substance use disorders lead to changes in brain circuits and physiological functions that lead to a need for detoxification and a possible need for long-term treatment.
The word substance can describe a drug of abuse, a medication, or a toxin that produces psychoactivation and alters cognitive, behavioral, and affective perceptions.
Dependence: repeated use of a substance with or without physical dependence
Abuse: use that is inconsistent with sociality use patterns
Misuse: usually applies to a prescribed substance
Intoxication: reversible syndrome caused by a specific substance affecting memory, judgment, behavior, or social or occupational functioning
Withdrawal: substance-specific symptoms that occur after stopping or reducing use Tolerance: needing more of the substance to get the desired effect
Etiology
Multiple theories ranging from psychological to neurobiological Probable multifactorial etiological profile
Two common types of theories: psychodynamic and biological
Psychodynamic theory
Behaviors of abuse are seated in oral-stage fixation. A person seeks gratification through oral behaviors.
Maladaptive regressive behaviors can become overlearned, fixed, and reinforced through dysfunctional family patterns.
Sociocultural factors attempt to explain population-based differences in substance abuse rates.
Biological theory
Genetic loading
People with a strong genetic vulnerability to addiction are thought to have defects in the working of the reward center of the brain, which predisposes them to stronger-than-normal positive rewards that draw them to substance use……….. Continue