NUR 631 Discussion Questions-Answers Topic 1 – 16

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(NUR 631 Discussion Questions)
NUR 631 Topic 1 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. What are the benefits and consequences of genetic testing? What is your personal stance on genetic testing? Provide two current (within the last 5 years) scientific or evidence-based resources to support your answer.
  2. What are the effects of nutritional deficits on cellular functioning and tissue healing? Support your answer with current research that has been conducted within the last 3 years.
  3. What is the difference between physiological and pathological atrophy? Provide at least two clinical examples for each.
NUR 631 Topic 1 Discussion Question 2

What is the difference between epigenetics and genetics? In nurse practitioner clinical practice, how would one apply the principles of epigenetics when prescribing treatment for a patient? What is the difference between hyperplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia in relation to epigenetic disorders?

NUR 631 Topic 2 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Immunity is necessary to prevent infectious diseases from spreading. Differentiate between passive-acquired and active-acquired immunity.
  2. Immunoglobulins are necessary to protect the human physiology from diseases and pathological disorders. Explain the role of IgA, IgG, IgE. IgD, and IgM.
  3. Stress is a component that affects the normal regulations of human physiology. Neuroendocrine regulation is important in this abnormality. How does increased catecholamine and cortisol affect the immune system?
NUR 631 Topic 2 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Inflammation is a process that accompanies many different autoimmune disease processes. In addition, a diet that is high in sugars and … foods can also cause inflammation. Discuss health risk factors related to dietary habits and inflammation.
  2. Explain the differences between the primary and secondary line of defense. What factors interfere with these mechanisms? How are these levels of immunity affected in a child, an elderly person, or a person with a chronic disease?
  3. Smith presents to her primary care provider (PCP) for a comprehensive medical exam. titers for various childhood diseases are … in the exam because she is not able to find her immunization records. What are “titers” and what type of testing is required to establish immunity?
NUR 631 Topic 3 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen
using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Explain how acid-base physiology leads to the regulation of fluid balance and extra cellular pH.
  2. What is the equation for the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffering system? How do actions at the lungs and kidneys affect this equation and thus compensate for alterations in plasma pH levels?
  3. How do changes in plasma osmolality affect the physiology of erythrocytes?
NUR 631 Topic 3 Discussion Question 2

Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. What, in your opinion, is the most dangerous electrolyte imbalance and why? Explain the pathophysiology of the imbalance.
  2. Disease processes can cause an array of fluid and electrolyte imbalances. What does a nurse practitioner need to consider when treating various diseases? When a patient has hemodynamic instability associated with orthostatic hypotension, what treatment is considered to provide stability?
NUR 631 Topic 4 Discussion Question 1

Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Anemia of chronic disease is a common occurrence in elderly patients. What is the pathophysiological mechanism behind this disease process?
  2. Virchow’s triad refers to states that can produce hypercoagulability. What are the three categories? Give an example for each and explain the pathophysiological changes seen.
NUR 631 Topic 4 Discussion Question 2

Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Discuss the epidemiology of thalassemia and share evidence-based practice guidelines necessary for chronic management.
  2. Sickle-cell anemia has treatment parameters in the chronic state and acute exacerbation. The acute phase requires aggressive hydration and pain medication. What is the physiologic pattern for this problem?
NUR 631 Topic 5 Discussion Question 1 

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen
using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. As with all disorders, it is essential to determine the root cause of endocrine disorders. What are primary, secondary, and tertiary disorders? Compare the differences among primary, secondary, and tertiary forms of hyposecretion and hypersecretion.
  2. The hypothalamic-pituitary system is the main controlling factor for normal endocrine function. What are some of the common ways for this finely balanced system to become unstable?
  3. Explain how the circadian rhythm is related to cortisol secretion from the adrenal cortex. What factors cause disturbances in this system?
NUR 631 Topic 5 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. What are the associated complications with altered thyroid functionality?
  2. Adrenal insufficiency can … induced by steroid treatment. What are … conditions with adrenal insufficiency and how would you prevent the state of adrenal crisis?
  3. The parathyroid glands serve to regulate calcium levels. How does renal insufficiency contribute to altered functionality of the parathyroid glands?
NUR 631 Topic 6 Discussion Question 1

Select one of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which question you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. What are some of the key pathophysiological differences between neurogenic and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
  2. Explain the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome and explain the pathophysiology behind the systems seen.
  3. Diabetic neuropathies are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Explain the etiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of one of the following: retinopathy, nephropathy, or neuropathy.
  4. Explain the role of leptin in the role of obesity.
NUR 631 Topic 6 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. What symptoms and exam findings would prompt you to perform a pituitary workup? What laboratory and neuroimaging studies would you order and why?
  2. A 24-year-old postpartum patient presents with vague symptoms of fatigue, weight fluctuation, brittle nails, and a lump in her throat. From an endocrine standpoint, what are your potential diagnoses based on symptoms without knowing lab findings? Include the potential workup you would attempt.
  3. What is the difference between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome? How do the treatment options differ as well as have similarities? What are the associated conditions that would cause either of the conditions?
NUR 631 Topic 7 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen
using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. From a pathophysiological perspective, describe the disease mechanism of spinal trauma. Discuss complications associated with spinal trauma based upon time of injury.
  2. What are some the recent discoveries surrounding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease, and how could these discoveries lead to new treatments? Include your resources in your response.
  3. What are some of the leading theories that attempt to descrive the pathophysiology underlying fibromyalgia? Which ones are best supported? Include your resources in your response.
NUR 631 Topic 7 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen
using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Explain Bell’s palsy by providing treatment options and the physiologic disorder on presentation.
  2. Explain the neurotransmitter dysfunction in a patient with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Include your resources in your response.
  3. Embolic and bleed cerebrovascular accidents are managed differently based on the causative factor for the stroke. Provide a discussion of the difference in pathophysiology of the two types of strokes.
  4. Differentiate between Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and vascular dementia.
NUR 631 Topic 8 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. A 78-year-old female presents with fevers, altered mental status, and an elevated white blood count. She has nuchal rigidity. From what possible conditions might she be suffering? Explain your reasoning.
  2. A 10-year-old boy comes to the ER severely dehydrated and listless. His mother states that he has been drinking 3 gallons of water a day along with urinating hourly and wetting the bed for the past week. What is your working … followed with treatment plans and laboratory considerations?
  3. A 55-year-old male has had uncontrolled diabetes for 15 years. He is a truck driver and requires insulin. His greatest concern is his neuropathy. What is the pathophysiology … with neuropathy and uncontrolled diabetes? What are the evidence-based practice guidelines?
NUR 631 Topic 8 Discussion Question 2

Create a list of three differential diagnoses and explain why you would include them on your list, based on the following information:

Sheila Jones, a 28-year-old female, has been diagnosed with new onset diabetes. She is severely hyperglycemic requiring intubation and aggressive intensive care management. In conjunction with being severely hyperglycemic, she is profoundly dehydrated, hypernatremic, and tachycardic.

NUR 631 Topic 9 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Describe coronary artery disease. How does it develop? What is the pathophysiological basis of how the various risk factors can lead to this disorder?
  2. Numerous hormones have an impact on cardiac function. List two to three of these hormones and address how they affect the heart or the cardiovascular system.
  3. Diet and lifestyle play an important role in cardiovascular health. What is the impact of a poor diet and lifestyle on the cardiovascular system?
NUR 631 Topic 9 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen
using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Explain the underlying pathophysiology associated with hypertensive conditions. What are the associated pathological complications?
  2. Detail the physiological process of heart failure, causes of heart failure, and pathological changes associated with heart failure.
  3. Detail a common congenital defect associated with the cardiovascular system of a pediatric patient.
NUR 631 Topic 10 Discussion Question 2

Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Explain the differences between irritable bowel syndrome and irritable bowel disease.
  2. Gastric cancers require meticulous management. Choose a gastrointestinal cancer that is primary sourced in an organ of the gastrointestinal system and discuss the epidemiological characteristics and pathological ramifications of the condition.
NUR 631 Topic 10 Discussion Question 2

Answer both of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. The American Cancer Society states that some cancers can be prevented, as they are related to lifestyle factors such as diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity. Early detection and screening mechanisms are obviously key, but the data suggests that they have only been somewhat effective. What are some ideas and strategies that could perhaps lead to a further reduction in preventable cancer deaths?
  2. Discuss a malabsorption condition and share the pathophysiological alterations associated with the condition.
NUR 631 Topic 11 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Explain the causes and pathophysiological changes seen with ARDS.
  2. Explain the manifestations of congenital pulmonary disorders seen in children.
NUR 631 Topic 11 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Discuss the differences between respiratory acidosis and respiratory alkalosis. Provide a case study or presentation associated with respiratory acidosis or respiratory alkalosis.
  2. Clinicians have developed an appreciation for obstructive sleep apnea. Explain the pathophysiological problems a patient could experience associated with obstructed sleep apnea (OSA).
  3. Multiple conditions lead to pulmonary embolus. Articulate the development and associated conditions leading to pulmonary embolus.
NUR 631 Topic 12 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Explain the concept of azotemia (including prerenal, renal, and postrenal), causes, and diagnostic measures used to identify each.
  2. Spinal cord injuries carry a high risk of neurogenic bladder and reflex incontinence. Explain the mechanisms responsible for these disorders.
NUR 631 Topic 12 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Explain the differences between lower tract urinary symptoms and erectile disorder.
  2. A patient presents with flank pain. You suspect renal calculi. What is the pathophysiological reason for development of renal calculi and associated treatment considerations to rid renal stones and prevent future development of others?
NUR 631 Topic 13 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. What are the differential considerations of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism? Explain the clinical reasoning process you would employ to differentiate between these two conditions.
  2. What are the differential considerations of right-sided and left-sided heart failure? What role does pulmonary hypertension play in these types of heart failure? Explain your reasoning.
  3. A patient presents in an altered mental state in the ER. What would you consider pathological alterations in this patient? What process would you employ to determine differential diagnoses for this patient?
NUR 631 Topic 13 Discussion Question 1

Ms. C is a 28-year-old Casino Floor Manager. She had gestational diabetes during her fourth pregnancy which she delivered about a year ago and during that time she was treated with NPH BID and NovoLog QID with meals. After delivery she started Metformin and then after that Pioglitazone and Sitagliptin and Glimepiride were added. She eats three meals a day. She prepares them at home… doesn’t eat fast food or junk food and she’s pretty consistent with what she eats day-to-day. She’s very active, exercises regularly and when she sees you in the office her A1C is despite all that she is doing to control the sugars, her A1C is 8.9. What are your treatment options? Give probable diagnosis and differentials.

NUR-631 Topic 14 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen
using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

  1. Both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis present with several of the same manifestations such as joint pain
    and stiffness. How can a provider differentiate between the two?
  2. A child born with osteogenesis imperfecta is at risk for pathological fractures. Explain the pathophysiology of
    this disorder and the associated risk factors.

NUR 631 Topic  14 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen
using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.”

  1. Rhabdomyolysis is a rapid breakdown of muscle. Detail the pathophysiology behind rhabdomyolysis.
  2. Explain the difference between basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.
NUR 631 Topic 15 Discussion Question 1

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Review the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovarian axis, and explain the pathophysiology of PCOS. Explain the role of hormones in the development of this disorder. How does PCOS contribute to infertility?
  2. Mr. Jones, a 60-year-old male, was … for his yearly physical. Upon review of his lab results, a high PSA level was seen. Having heard about the PSA test and correlation to prostate cancer, he is worried about a … of cancer. What would you tell Mr. Jones in your discussion about the lab results?
NUR 631 Topic 15 Discussion Question 2

Select two of the following discussion questions for your discussion response. Indicate which questions you have chosen using the format displayed in the “Discussion Forum Sample.” (Answer for All Questions Included)

  1. Menopause comes at different ages for women. What are the pathological changes causing menopause and what are the pathological changes … after menopause?
  2. Testicular cancer is common in younger men. Upon examination, you discover a hard nodule of the right testes. What are the oncogenic influences … with testicular cancer?
NUR 631 Topic 16 Discussion Question 1

Select a chief complaint from the following list and provide a list of differential diagnoses and an initial workup for the patient, including laboratory tests, imaging studies, and medications.

  1. Left lower quadrant pain
  2. Dizziness
  3. Altered mental status
  4. Dysuria
  5. Chest pain
  6. Numbness in an ipsilateral extremities
  7. Blurring vision that is sudden
  8. Cold, blue toes
  9. Thirstiness
  10. Tachycardia/Palpitations
  11. Heavy, off-scheduled vaginal bleeding
  12. Genitourinary puss
  13. Fever
  14. Shortness of breath
  15. Diarrhea
  16. Low back pain
  17. Radiating paresthesia inthe back of the legs
  18. Infectious process requiring antibiotic treatment
NUR 631 Topic 16 Discussion Question 2

Create a list of three differential diagnoses and explain why you would include them on your list, based on the following information:

You are working with an 82-year-old male, David Smith, who will be having coronary artery bypass surgery in 5 days. David has experienced a very complicated road leading to his surgery. He remains on ventilator support and just started nutritional supplementation. He remains sedated for apparent agitation and is taking multiple medications for cardiovascular support.

NUR 631 Discussion Questions

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